Internal-combustion engine.



Patented Feb. 9, 1915,

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2 SHEETSSHEVET 1.

I Jnventor 74 Witn in H. JUNKERS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

L -mains substantially at rest.

'NITE HUGO JUNKERS, OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, G EIr u ANY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Huoo' JUNKERS, a subject of the King of Prussia,residing at No. 68 Bismarckstrasse, AiX-la-Chapelle, in the Kingdom ofPrussia, Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same. I

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularlyto the method of and means forintroducingfuel into the cylinder of suchan engine. The invention is of special utility in internal combustionengines employing crude oil as the fuel and having two pistonsreciprocating in opposite directions in a cylinder.

In internal combustion engines as here-' two oppositely reciprocatingpistons with which it has been the practice to inject the fuel into themiddle of the spacewithin the cylinder and between the adjacent ends ofthe pistons. This is explained, I believe, by the fact that in operatingsuch an engine the air compressed between the two pistons follows thepistons as they more away from each otherto the same degree in bothdirections, so'that the air in the middle of the space. into which thefuel was injected. re-

The imperfect consumption of fuel within the cylinder not only. resultsin decreased power, but also causes choking of the fuel-injectingnozzles, as the residue of the partially consumed .fuel becomesdeposited upon the surroundmg walls particularly 1n the openings in: thein ecting nozzle where the air is insuflicient to cause its consumption.In accordance with the present invention, these objectionable featuresof internal combustion engines as heretofore constructed are overcome bythe injection of the fuel into the cylinder at a plurality of pointswhich are spaced apart in the direction of the length of the cylinder.Preferably, the fuel is injected into the space within the cylinder be-Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 9, 1915.

Application filed January 2,1913. Serial No. 739,621.

tween the adjacent ends of the pistons at equal distances on oppositesides of the center of that space. I prefer to inject the fuel as nearas possible to the adjacent ends of the pistons when the latter are intheir innermost positions, forby this arrangement I attain severalimportant advantages. If the fuel is injected in the form of thin sheetsor layers close to the ends of the pistons, a body of compressed airlies between the two sheets of fuel; when the pistons move outwardly,this compressed air follows them.

and in doing so, it must pass through the- .sheets of fuel so that theair and fuel become thoroughly mixed. As the pistons continue theiroutward movement the carbon dioxid, which is generated as the fuel isconsumed, remains close to and moves outwardly with thepistons so thatit will not interfere with the consumption of the fuel injected intothe,

cylinder during the next cycle of operations. Furthermore, in somecasesI prefer to provide a plurality of fuel-injecting nozzles spaced apartin the direction ofthe length of the cylinder and so arranged that thefuel injected'thereby is directed not exactly towardithe center of thecylinder, but along the line of chords, whereby the mixture of fuel andair within the cylinder is given a spiral or circular motion and morethorough mixing of the air and fuel is effected.

The preferredflembodiinent of the invention is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal andtransverse sections of a portion of a gas ,en-

gine; Figs. 3 and 4: are similar views showing a different arrangementof the nozzles;

Figs. 5 and 6 are views similar to Figs; 1

and 2 illustrating a further modificationof the arrangementof thenozzles; Figs. 7 and S are detail views showing constructions whichmaybe employed in the nozzle shown in Fig. 5; Figs. 9 and l0 are views.similar to Figs. 1 and 2 showing a single nozzle arranged forintroducing the fuel in two sheets, and Figs. 11, 12 and Bare views on%n enlarged scale of the nozzle shown in fieferring first to Figs. 1 and2, the cylinder 1 is provided with a cooling jacket 2 and within thecylinder are two pistons 3 and 4 which are adapted to reciprocate inopposite directions. In Fig. 1, the two pistons are shownin theirinnermost position, and it'will be noted that there is free space withinthe cylinder between the adjacent ends of the two pistons. Two nozzles 5and 6 are provided projecting through the walls of the cylinder 1 andits jacket. In Figs. 1 and 2, the two nozzles are shown as displaced inthe direction of the axis of the cylinder. They are located at equaldistances on opposite sides of the center of the space between the twopistons. Also, the two nozzles are shown as-located on opposite sides ofthe cylinder. The outlets from the nozzles are arranged to spread thefuel issuing therefrom in the form of thin sheets, as is indicated inthe drawings. These two sheets of fueL-lie close to the ends of thepistons 3 and 4, and between them is a body of compressed air ofsubstantial size.

In Figs. 3 and 4, three nozzles 8,9 and 10 are provided projectingthrough the cylinder walls 7 and into the space between the pietons.These nozzles. are displaced .in the di:

- air within the cylinder to take up a circularmotion. The production ofthis circular movement of the air and fuel within the cylinder 'isassistedby arranging the nozzles at l .a sl ght inclination to'the axisof the cylinder. 1

In Figs. 5 to 8, a different arrangement ofthe'nozzle is shown. Thisnozzle projects to the center of the space within the cvlinder andbetween the pistons and is provided with two outlets or sets of outletson opposite sides thereof, which outlets inject the fuel into thevcvlinder-in the form of two lavers, the fuel of each layer beingdirected radially outward. In Fig. 5, 11 indicates the cylin-' der, 12the nozzle, and 13 and 14 the'outlets from this nozzle. These outletsdirect layers of fuel 15 and 16 radially outward close to the faces'ofthe pistons 17 and 18.

In Fig. 7, a valve is shown at. 19 controlling the flow .of fuel into apassageway 20 in the end of the nozzle. 12, from which passagethe fuelpasses into the chambers 21. Each of these chambers is provided withamultiplicity of small openings 22 disposed in a plane transversely ofthe cylinder. In Fig. 8, theend 27 of the nozzle is provided with a Tshaped duct 24 into which the fuel is forced past the valve23. and fromthe end of this duct radial holes 25 lead to a circular channel 26 fromwhich the fuel is passed through a'thin radial slot into the cylinder.Nozzles ofthe character herein indicated are 'cooledto a certain degreeby being passed through the cooling jacket of the cylinder,

but for machines operated by crude oil, I I

have found it desirable to provide additional means for cooling thenozzle. For this purpose I employ a circulation of cooling water andlead thiswater into the extreme end of the nozzle. Such a constructionis shownin Figs. 11 and 13. These figures, together with Figs. 9 and 12,also show another advantageous feature consisting in arranging onenozzle to inject the two separated sheets of fuel into the cylinder. Thecylinder is shown at 28 and the pistons at 29 and 30, these pistonsbeing arranged to reciprocate in opposite directions. The end 32 of thenozzle 31 projects into the space within the cylinder between theadjacent ends of the two pistons. The fuel 33 is fed into the chamberof'the nozzle 31 and is forced past the valve 3-1 into a divided passage35 which leads to outlets 36 and 37 spaced apart lengthwise of thecylinder. The outlet at the right of Figs. 12 and 13 is shown asconsisting of a plurality of small holes arranged in line, while that atthe left is shown as consisting of a narrow slot. In order to providefor coolinr. the nozzle, and particularly for cooling the portionthereof which projects into the cylinder, the nozzle is provided with abore or passage 38 which ex tends around the passage 35 for the fuel andcooling water is carried to and from the passage 38 by ducts 39 and 40.'The cooling water may be water taken from the jacket of the cylinder, orit may be fresh cold water fed directly into the nozzle.

In all of the several forms of my invention herein illustrated anddescribed, it will be seen that the fuel is injected into the.space'within the cylinder and between the adjacent ends of the twopistons in theiform "of sheets or layers which are separated in thedirection of the length of the cylinder so that a body of compressed airis inclosed between the two or more layers of fuel. As

before indicated tliese layers of fuel are preferably arranged to lieclose to the ends of the pistons when the latter are in their innermostpositions, as a result of which a more thorough mixing of the air andfuel takes place during the outward movement of the pistons.

What I claim is: Y

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderstructure, two pistons therein reciprocating lengthwise of the cylinderin opposite directions and having the space between them forming anexplosion chamber common tothe two pistons, and means for introducingfuel into said explosion chamber in two sheets substantially transverseto the cylinder structure and spaced apart in the direction of thelength thereof; substantially as described.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder, two pistons reciprocating therein Ill-5 of the cylinder;substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, twopistons re ciprocating therein in opposite directions,

there being free space within the cylinder.

between the adjacent ends of the pistons, and means for introducing fuelinto the cylinder in two sheets substantially transverse to the cylinderat opposite sides of the center of the space between adjacent ends ofthe pistons; substantially as described.

4. Inan internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderstructure, two pistons therein reciprocating lengthwise of the cylinderin opposite directions and having the space between them forming anexplosion chamber common to the two pistons, and means for introducingfuel into the cylinder at two points located on opposite sides of thecenter of the space between the adjacent ends of thepistons;'substantially as described.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderstructure, two pistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions andhaving the space between them forming an explosion chamber common to thetwo pistons, and means for introducing fuel into said explosion chamberin the direction of chords of the cylinder structure and at pointsspaced apart in the direction of the length of the cylinder structure;substantially as described.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, twopistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions, there being freespace within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the pistons, andmeans for introducing fuel into the cyl-- inder in two sheets locatedsubstantially transverse to the cylinder at opposite sides of the centerof the space between adj acent ends of the pistons and in the directionof chords of the cylinder; substantially as described.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, twopistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions, there being freespace within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the pistons, asingle nozzle projecting through the wall of the cylinder and into saidspace, and two outlets from said nozzle spaced apart lengthwise of thecylinder and elongated crosswiseof the cylinder for introducing the fuelin the form of two substantially parallel sheets; substantially asdescribed.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder,twopistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions, there beingfree space within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the pistons,two nozzles projecting through the wall of the cylinder and into saidspace and spaced apart lengthwise of the cylinder and passages for acooling medium formed in said nozzles adi cent to the outlet endsthereof; substantial y as described.

In testimony thereof -I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

HUGO JUNKERS.

